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Pro: Taxing miles traveled is the most logical way to increase revenue to repair highways

WASHINGTON — EDITOR’S NOTE: The writer is addressing the question, Is it time to phase out the federal gasoline tax and tax drivers on the miles they travel instead?

The richest nation on Earth can’t pay for the roads it needs anymore. The way the U.S. government collects the money it needs for roads—through a federal tax on motor fuel—is outdated and badly needs modernization to adapt to drastically changing circumstances.

In 1956, Congress came up with a “pay-as-you-go” method to fund the Interstate Highway System. Instead of floating bonds, the Federal Highway Trust Fund was created and mainly supported by federal taxes on motor fuel, then 3 cents per gallon.

The Trust Fund’s guiding principle was fairness—the more you used the highways, the more you paid for them. But even though the federal motor fuel tax is now 18.4 cents per gallon, the Trust Fund is going broke.

Better fuel economy, reduced gasoline use and highway travel, and rising construction costs have caused the Highway Trust Fund to run out of money at a time when a first-class highway system is badly needed to help pull our economy out of recession.

To look into this problem, Congress created a 15-member National Surface Transportation Infrastructure Financing Commission to investigate options and recommend a course of action.

The numbers tell the tale: long-term federal highway revenues are estimated to bring in only $32-billion a year, while highway needs total almost $100-billion a year. Meanwhile, real highway spending per mile has fallen by nearly half since the Trust Fund was established.

The Commission’s unanimous report, released in late February, calls for a 10 cents per gallon boost in the federal gasoline tax—which equals one-half cent per mile—followed by a gradual shift from our current reliance on motor fuel taxes toward a fee on actual miles driven.

To measure these miles, the Commission calls for “in-vehicle or after market Global Positioning System (GPS) devices” that would track the way we drive. The per-mile charge would depend on whether the driving is on crowded urban freeways during rush hour (higher charge) or lightly traveled rural roads (lower charge).

The goal of the mileage tax is still to collect the funds we need for good highways through user fees, but in a more logical way than we do now.

The report says the amount charged for cars could range from 0.9 cents per mile to match current Trust Fund revenues, or go up to 2.3 cents per mile to “maintain and improve” the annual investment level.

The levels of taxation require careful calibration to ensure fairness. But compared to the current system, fairness should be relatively easy to achieve.

What’s fair now about charging a driver who can afford a new 40 mpg hybrid less to use the highways than a construction worker who drives a 20 mpg pickup?

“The gas tax isn’t going to fill the bill,” says Congressman Peter Defazio, D-Ore., a member of the House Transportation & Infrastructure Committee.

So in a pilot program, Oregon has installed GPS monitoring devices in 300 vehicles equipped with in-vehicle transponders that calculate the mileage tax owed.

Drivers in Portland continue to pay the tax at the pump, just as they have in the past. Other states, plus the Netherlands and Denmark, are considering mileage taxes.

Privacy is sometimes cited as a concern, but privacy is protected when the data is kept within the vehicle. The many GPS tracking devices already in today’s vehicles, such as OnStar, E-ZPass and LoJack, are effective without compromising privacy.

Simply raising the fuel tax would be a temporary band-aid on a hemorrhaging Highway Trust Fund. As more fuel-efficient and hybrid vehicles require less motor fuel, the funding gap will only grow. And as we modernize our vehicles and reduce our motor fuel use, it’s time to let the vehicle mileage tax play its role in our highway funding.

Gerald Bastarache is former director of communications at the Highway Users Federation and the Intelligent Transportation Society of America, and a former reporter with the Asheville (N.C.) Citizen-Times. Readers may write him at The National Press Club, 529 14th St. NW, Washington, DC 20045.